Let’s honor YSI’s outgoing coordinators!

We are so grateful to YSI’s outgoing coordinators! They were the first ever cohort, and they made the community into what it is today. Let’s acknowledge their invaluable contributions and celebrate their next moves!

We are so grateful to YSI’s outgoing coordinators! They were the first ever cohort, and they made the community into what it is today. Let’s acknowledge their invaluable contributions and celebrate their next moves! Take a look at their warmest memories, best advice, and what they’re up to now. Please join us in thanking them, and keep an eye out for them in the future! They might be a young mentor soon. Written by Mariana Campos Pastrana


Africa


Richard Itaman  | For Richard Itaman, YSI’s ongoing commitment to highlighting African scholars remains an important pillar of our community. Attending the Decolonizing Economics conference in South Africa and the  Economic Transformation and History of Economic Thought conference in Nigeria made him proud as he witnessed the brilliance of young African scholars being showcased at both events. We’re just as proud of Richard!


Ushehwedu Kufakurinani | Let’s say thanks to Ushe! The Zimbabwean scholar lists the Africa Convening hosted in his city, Harare, as one of his favorite memories as coordinator for the Africa working group. His advice to new members, “your response is key to your destiny. Participation is key to reaping maximum benefits.” We appreciate all the love Ushe has poured into our community.


Tinashe Nyamunda | For Tinahse, helping other young scholars has been a big motivation for his work. As coordinator, Tinashe has helped grow YSI’s membership in Africa significantly. If he had one piece of advice for new members, it’s to remember how your work will help others in theirs. We wish Tinashe good luck in all that’s ahead!


Alden Young | As coordinator, Alden organized multiple events in Africa, including the continent’s first big YSI conference at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Alden has just been appointed as a Senior Assistant Professor at UCLA in a joint appointment between the African American Studies Department and the International Development Studies department. The latter was inspired by his work with YSI! We are so happy for Alden.


Behavior and Society


Malte Dold | The ability to exchange ideas with other young scholars around the world opened Malte’s eyes to the many ways in which economic research can be conducted and was liberating for him as he gained new creative tools to perform his research. Malte believes that YSI has the power to change how economics is taught. The next step in his journey is to join the Economics department at Pomona College as an Assistant Professor. Congrats Malte!


Gerçek Çiçek | Gerçek is the true embodiment of YSI’s interdisciplinary spirit. She completed her Ph.D. in Economics at Istanbul Technical University while simultaneously doing a second master’s in Neuroscience. Her goal is to use Cognitive Neuroscience to redefine Microeconomics decision-making models so that they reflect real people and real life. We wish Gerçek nothing but the best!


Complexity Economics


Mary Kaltenberg | Mary’s biggest piece of advice for YSI newbies is to get involved in projects you are passionate about so that you can learn from scholars at all stages of their research and expand your global network. Mary will soon be starting as Assistant Professor at Pace University. Good luck, Mary, your students will be lucky to have you!


Danilo Spinola | Danilo’s biggest advice for new YSI’ers is to think of the community as a part of yourself, and of yourself as a part of the community. In YSI, there is no trade-off between the individual or the group. It’s simple – if the community thrives, the individual develops. Get involved and immersed in this organization and see where the magic takes you. We know Danilo will make magic happen! 


Johannes Tiemer | In 2012, Johannes joined YSI’s first-ever reading group on Alan Kirman’s “Complex Economics.” Together with two others, he ended up attending all the sessions, and the three became the coordinators for Complexity Economics; the first-ever YSI topical working group! Through his time at YSI, Johannes has enjoyed grappling with the big questions in society, for which there are no simple answers. His advice for new members is to remember that the work might be difficult at times, and that is ok. Now that’s a piece of good advice.


Nils Rochowicz | Nils has enjoyed seeing how YSI and its members have grown together. Members from way back are now professors, and able to mentor the newer young scholars coming in. It’s a beautiful thing to see people come in, find their way, and then grow to guide others.  Nils is now based at the University of Oxford. They’re lucky to have you, Nils!


Economic Development


Collin Constantine | “Stay hungry, stay foolish,” says Collin. This outgoing coordinator continues to push boundaries and paradigms and advises all newbies to YSI to do the same! His time with the Economic Development working group pushed his research agenda towards the direction of inequality and critical institutional economics. The next step in his journey sees him starting as a Lecturer with the Faculty of Economics at the University of Cambridge. We’re so proud!


Ingrid Harvold Kvangraven | The ability to meet people from all corners of the world with similar interests was one of the highlights for Ingrid in her time as coordinator. YSI almost became like a second degree for her because the debates she organized and participated in influenced her research and thinking a lot. Even though she may no longer be a coordinator, she continues to collaborate with fellow YSI members. We’re so grateful for that!


Jenny Tue Anh Nguyen | As coordinator for the Economic Development working group, Jenny’s interest took her to projects on energy policy, public services, World Bank loans, structural reforms, and economic growth, to name a few. She shaped YSI with unbounded energy, strengthening the community’s reach with the Asia Regional Convening in her native Vietnam! We are so grateful to Jenny, and thrilled for what she’ll do next.


Economics of Innovation


Besiana Balla | Besiana is one of the co-founders of the Economics of Innovation working group, which launched in 2014! Since then, she’s helped the group grow and flourish. Currently serving the innovative start-up world from Berlin, Besiana continues to advance the field of economics, not in the least by promoting diversity and representation in the field via D-Econ. We’re rooting for you, Besiana!


Olga Mikheeva | Olga’s interests lie in governance of innovation policies, financing thereof and financial bureaucracy; comparative financial history and financing of development; national political economy of finance. Currently a Research Fellow in Public Banking at the UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, we wish Olga all the best!


Laurène Tran | Laurène is one of the founding members of the Economics of Innovation working group. She is now Executive Director of ACTIVE, a trade association that advocates for policies around broader access to cannabinoids. Laurene enjoys building communities and launching new ventures, which she certainly helped us with at YSI in her time as a coordinator. We are so thankful for all of her hard work!


Economic History


Peter Bent | Through his time in YSI, Peter Bent has built many great friendships with people from all over the world. Seeing all the work people put into organizing events, and seeing new connections and projects come out of that has been so inspiring, he says. Peter will soon be starting as an Assistant Professor of Economics at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut. We’re so thrilled for that new chapter!


Marc C. Adam | Marc’s favorite thing in YSI? The bright young scholars with full hearts. Marc has experienced the community as a group of friendly and tolerant individuals who welcome new members as they are to learn and grow with YSI. We’re so thankful for all that Marc has done!


Laura de la Villa | Laura served as coordinator for the Economic History group, but holds diverse interests within economics, including financial history, sovereign debt, capital markets, political economy, and law and globalization. She is currently a Ph.D. candidate at the Paul Bairoch Institute for Economic History at the University of Geneva. We wish her all the best!


Finance, Law, and Economics


Aleksandar Stojanovic | Looking back on his time as coordinator, Sasa points out that “we’re all embedded in one mainstream or another that can lull our curiosities to sleep; YSI is the best antidote to that.” We can’t agree more and are grateful to Sasa for having shaped the FLE group with that approach.  He’s just begun teaching at NYU in Shanghai – congratulations!


Maria Cecilia del Barrio Arleo | When we asked Maria Cecilia what her favorite YSI memory was, she said she’d have to pick the unofficial YSI party at an Edinburgh pub. Members had seemingly endless conversations about their working groups while drinking cold beer. So what’s next? Maria Cecilia will be stepping into the 2020 European Central Bank graduate program this month. Amazing!


Financial Stability


Céline Tcheng | “I owe YSI my whole intellectual growth in Economics and Finance,” says Céline. When she was studying for her masters in economics, she explains, the content in her program left her underwhelmed and left her second-guessing her interest in the field; it was a crisis of faith. But joining YSI opened her eyes to a whole new world of economic thought and reconciled her with economics. We’re so glad we found you, Céline!


Miriam Oliveira | Miriam is grateful that YSI has connected her with an open community of scholars. The teaching of economics has a long way to go, but YSI is filling the gap for a whole generation of new thinkers. With a Ph.D. in Economics from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), and experience in financial stability, macroeconomics, and macroprudential policy, we can’t wait to see where she’ll go next! 


Gender and Economics


Erica Aloe | Recent PhD grad, Erica, feels proud to have been a part of YSI’s mission. She credits the community with having helped her grow her academic network, and encourages all members to participate in activities, to ask questions, and to get involved! We wish Erica amazing things for the future!


Giulia Porino | Being surrounded by scholars with similar research interests helped Giulia feel supported and understood, even on the days she was struggling. YSI always helped her find the motivation to come back to her research with a renewed sense of energy and determination, she explains. “Its a support network that I feel lucky to call my friends.” We feel lucky to have you, Giulia!


Giulia Zacchia | Giulia still remembers the nerves she felt ahead of the YSI Plenary in 2016 when she was tasked to represent the Gender and Economics Working Group. She was worried about the ability to attract young scholars and researchers interested in feminist economics within a YSI framework. But as soon as the meeting started, pride took over. The room was packed with scholars ready to discuss! It proved to her that nothing is impossible if you believe in your ideas. So true!


History of Economic Thought


Jérôme Lange | As a young scholar interested in the History of Economic Thought, Jérôme felt isolated and noticed that other scholars in the field did as well. He realized that they struggled to receive support from their home institutions to conduct research. This motivated him to get together with scholars in similar situations, and he became the first coordinator for the History of Economic Thought Working Group. We wish him well in all that’s to come!


Juan Acosta | The biggest piece of advice that outgoing coordinator Juan has for new YSI members is to get involved in organizing events for your working group. “It’s such an enriching experience, he says. “You’ll learn a lot while helping out other young scholars at the same time.” We’re grateful to Juan and all he’s done for YSI.


Inequality


Tahnee Ooms | Tahnee Ooms is proud to be part of a community that has been able to bring together scholars and mentors from all over the world to learn from each other. Her advice to the rest of the community is to meet as many scholars as possible and learn from the different perspectives YSI has to offer while identifying your own biases. Tahnee is now based at the London School of Economics. They’re lucky to have you, Tahnee!


Keynesian Economics


Guilherme Magacho | Guilherme Magacho’s favorite memory was being able to build bridges between distinct economic views and learning from people from different nationalities, with different backgrounds and perspectives. For Guilherme (and YSI!) this was a crucial way to develop new economic thinking. We’re excited to see how Guilherme will spread that approach in the rest of his career!


Rafael Ribeiro | Rafael is currently a professor at the Faculty of Economics at the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil. His research interests are in growth theory, income distribution, fiscal and monetary dynamics, dynamical systems, and empirical modeling. We wish Rafael the best in his future endeavors!


Latin America


Julia Torracca | Julia feels grateful to be a part of a community that is made up of members from so many different backgrounds, hailing from all corners of the globe. In her time at YSI, it became clear that having a diverse community fosters stronger learning. We’re so excited for what she’ll do next!


Daniel Munevar | Daniel is a post-Keynesian economist who hails from Bogota, Colombia. He is the former advisor to Greek Finance Minister, Yanis Vorufakis, advising him on fiscal policy and debt sustainability. He is currently based at Uppsala University in Sweden and we wish him all the best!


Political Economy of Europe


Francesco Nicoli | Francesco encourages young scholars to use YSI as a way to facilitate joint research. For him, there is great value in having a community with which to exchange views and co-produce scientific work. Francesco is now based at the University of Ghent; we wish him only the best! 


Philosophy of Economics


Melissa Vergara Fernandez | For Melissa, there are too many favorite memories to just pick one. But all of them revolve around the people she met in YSI. “It’s a project with heart,” she says. Melissa is currently based at Erasmus University Rotterdam as a Postdoctoral Researcher. We wish her only the best!


Mads Vestergaard | For a lot of us, our time in YSI inspires the research we do. Mads was inspired to explore the ways in which ideology fuels economics, and how that may be criticized. Now that he is moving on from his time as a YSI coordinator, he is shifting his focus away from academia and towards art projects and philosophical writing– a truly multidisciplinary approach. We can’t wait to see what comes out!


States and Markets


Cecilia Rikap | Cecilia Rikap became a coordinator soon after completing her Ph.D., which coincided with a challenging time in her career to reformulate research questions. All the YSI events she participated in this time balanced the need to be a generalist and a specialist, which inspired her to reorient her research and focus on why she originally became an economist, which was to understand and transform capitalism. We know Cecilia can move mountains!


Urban and Regional Economics


Igor Tupy | Igor is currently an Associate Professor at the Federal University of Viçosa, UFV in Brazil. His interests are in Urban and Regional Economics and Post-Keynesian perspective with a focus on the regional impact of crises and the role of money and finance on regional economic resilience. We are so excited to see what Igor does next!


Jakob Sparn | “Seeing so many people coming together and sharing ideas in a very inclusive and caring way was truly inspiring and moving,” said Jakob of the YSI Latin America Regional Convening. If the outgoing coordinator could have one piece of advice for new members to the community, it’s to soak up as much as you can from your time at YSI. Good luck with all that’s to come, Jakob!


Renan Almeida | Renan was one of the founders of the Urban and Regional Economics working group and in his time as coordinator, he was involved in lots of YSI events around the world, ranging from Budapest, Sao Paulo, Edinburgh, and Los Angeles to Belo Horizonte, Buenos Aires, and Washington DC. He is currently a Professor of Economics at the UFSJ in Brazil. Thank you for all your hard work Renan!


Curious who the next cohort will be? Meet them here!

Meet the new Coordinator Cohort!

We are so honored to introduce to you our new YSI working group coordinators! Three for each working group, this global group of 63 is stepping in to serve the working groups for a two year term. Get to know them!

We are so honored to introduce to you our new YSI working group coordinators! Three for each working group, this global group of 63 is stepping in to serve the working groups for a two year term. Get to know them!
Written by Mariana Campos Pastrana


Africa


Herbert Mba Aki | Herbert Mba Aki began his career studying law and joined YSI without a background in economics. He joined with the intention to learn about topics in macroeconomics, political economy, and development policies to support his PhD research in Political Science. In 2019, he attended his first YSI event which left him inspired after meeting bright and talented Africans who had careers as entrepreneurs, activists, artists, and policy-makers. Herbert decided to increase his involvement in YSI and saw the Africa Working Group as a space to not only make changes in his academic framework but where he could pose questions and solutions for the economic challenges faced by the region. He now serves as coordinator for the Africa Working Group.


Petronella MunhenzvaAfrica Working Group coordinator, Petronella Munhenzva, grew up in a remote area in Zimbabwe that lacked government resources and access to development. This inspired Petronella to explore the impact of state policies on people’s livelihoods on a local level. Petronella sees access to opportunities and recognition as a challenge faced by African scholars, and also notices that a lot of the theories and concepts that are used to explore African topics tend to be imported from abroad. It is very important to support local knowledge and to support the works of African scholars, which Petronella works hard to do.


Geraldine Sibanda | Geraldine Sibanda first joined YSI three years ago after speaking at a panel at the YSI Africa convening in Zimbabwe and considers the Africa working group her home within YSI. She sees a challenge for the economic field in the region to be that there is little progress made into “unpacking and understanding unique country-specific and region-specific problems and creating tailor-made solutions for them.” Geraldine is currently based at the University of the Free State in South Africa.


Behavior and Society


Leigh Caldwell | Early in his economics career, Leigh Caldwell was building models of human and organizational knowledge while writing software – but he soon realized the implicit rationality assumptions he was relying on were, well, nonsense. He decided to start looking at principal-agent problems that were tied to accuracy. When presenting his insights at a workshop, he was introduced to behavioral economics literature and he realized there was a rich source of material which shined a light on the problems he’d been looking to solve. Today, Leigh serves as one of the coordinators for the Behavior and Society Working Group!


Komal Shakeel | Komal Shakeel has been a part of YSI since our beginning in 2013 and was part of the group that created the founding principles. Back then, working groups were based on regions and she set up a working group of China and Pakistan. Eventually, she realized that this approach was too broad for her interest area. Komal wanted to support and to connect with researchers around the world who were interested in behavioral economics and so the Euro-Economics Working Group was born, which eventually evolved to the Behavior and Society Working Group. She now serves as coordinator for the group.


Iva Parvanova | Iva Parvanova is a Bulgarian researcher currently based at LSE in London. A YSI member since 2016, Iva is one of the new coordinators for the Behavior and Society Working Group. Her research interests are rooted in behavioral and experimental approaches applied to understand corruption in healthcare. A dedicated researcher on this topic, the book currently sitting on her nightstand is “Doing Harm: The Truth About How Bad Medicine and Lazy Science Leave Women Dismissed, Misdiagnosed, and Sick” by Maya Dusenbery.


Complexity Economics


Rutuja Uttawar | Meet Rutuja Uttawar! Rutuja was first introduced to economics when she stumbled on “The Economic Naturalist” by Robert H. Frank, which led her to the world of Heterodox economics and eventually led her to complexity as an approach to economic thinking. She was introduced to the Complexity Economics Working Group after submitting an abstract for the Festival for New Economic Thinking in Edinburgh in 2017. She then joined as a member and organized a reading group and now serves as one of the newest coordinators for the Complexity Economics Working Group.


Vanessa de Lima Avanci | Vanessa de Lima Avanci is currently based at Ideies in Vitória, Brazil and is a coordinator for the Complexity Economics Working Group. She first became acquainted with YSI in 2017 after attending the Innovation Bootcamp in Tallin, and later attended the Latin America convening in Buenos Aires the following year as part of the Complexity Economics Working Group. 


Solomon Owusu | Solomon joined YSI and the Complexity Economics Working Group after being introduced by his friend, Danilo, in 2017. The group has been able to organize many projects and been able to build a strong, open, and transparent community. As coordinator, Solomon is excited to increase activity for the working group with more webinars, research groups and reading groups!


Cooperatives


Emi Do | Meet Emi Do, one of the coordinators for the Cooperatives Working Group who is currently based at the Tokyo University of Agriculture in Japan. Emi challenges herself not only through academia but also through trail running. She views this challenging endeavor as an excellent contrast to the arduous nature of academia.  Her longest distance so far has been 115km and she’s hoping to complete a 100 miler within the next year! 


Terence Tapiwa Muzorewa | Coordinator Terence Tapiwa Muzorewa first joined YSI in 2017 after attending a conference at the Free State University in South Africa. Terence admits that he fell in love with the working group! However, he has been working on cooperatives since before joining the working group and studied housing cooperatives for his PhD. Terrence is based at Midlands State University in Zimbabwe.


East Asia


Soheon Lee | Soheon Lee is one of the coordinators for the East Asia Working Group and is currently based at the Korean Embassy in Japan. Soheon first became a member of YSI in 2015 and has been actively participating as part of YSI. She joined the East Asia Working Group when it was re-established in 2017 to connect with Asia-based researchers and has met great colleges, young scholars and mentors through the working group and looks forward to meeting more!


Seung Woo Kim | Seung Woo Kim’s journey to becoming one of the coordinators for the East Asia Working Group began towards the end of his Ph.D. Seung Woo became interested in the global turn in economic history, which highlighted the problematic aspect of the Eurocentric view of the discipline. This pushed Seung Woo to research the way in which the Global South engaged in global finance and the international monetary systems as well as alternative approaches to economics. He then found the East Asia Working Group to be a space in which he could pursue various of these topics.


Rachel Ganly | Rachel Ganly is a MPhil Student in the Division of Social Science at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Her work explores the effect of men’s long working hours and gendered work norms on family formation in East Asia, supervised by Stuart Gietel-Basten.


Economic Development


Surbhi Kesar | Meet Surbhi Kesar, coordinator for the Economic Development Working group and a crime fiction fan! Based at Azim Premji University in Bengaluru, India, Surbhi believes that research agendas need to be global in its outlook and local in its reach. Her vision for the working group is for members to play the role of community researchers who can engage with questions of development, especially now with the challenges brought on by COVID-19.


Nurlan Jahangirli | Nurlan’s interest in Economic Development stems from his childhood in Baku, Azerbaijan. He noticed the economic struggles of the regions and from a young age held the belief that he wanted to contribute to the development of the region. This belief eventually led him to economics, and after a series of adventures, he committed to the area of development. Through the current COVID-19 crisis, Nurlan has seen how fragile economies are with regard to health crises and social problems. Because of this, he sees it as important to reframe how we view the development process. Nurlan is currently based at the University of Hamburg in Germany.


Santiago Gahn | Meet Santiago, an Argentine scholar based at Roma Tré University. He is a guitar aficionado, who favors the Blues and Jazz, and also a keen songwriter. He cites Jimi Hendrix as his biggest inspiration. He is currently working on “Towards a Theory of Economic Development” as there is currently no standardized theory of Economic Development. He sees it as important to read classical economic theories from theorists such as Adam Smith and Karl Marx and to interpret them through modern classical theory.


Economics of Innovation


Fernanda Steiner Perin | Fernanda first joined the Economics of Innovation Working Group at the Latin American convening in Buenos Aires in 2018. She later became an organizer as part of the Latin America Working Group and worked on projects related to innovation, which has led her to become a coordinator for the Economics of Innovation Working Group! With the current global situation as the COVID-19 pandemic continues, Fernanda sees a stronger need for innovation and policies to support innovation.


Rosie Collington | When Rosie Collington joined Genetic Alliance UK’s Policy and Public Affairs team back in 2016, her role was to develop and communicate responses to policy developments in genomics, health care, and health data to patients. However, it soon became evident research in these areas within political economy and socio-economics was sparse. Rosie decided to dedicate her work to understanding the economics of health data, public sector digitalization, and health innovation and promote it widely. 


Dario Vazquez | Meet Economics of Innovation coordinator, Darío Vázquez! When we asked Darío what he believes the largest challenge facing the field is, he responded: “to transform the logic of innovation processes in order to guide them towards solving the great social challenges of our time.” Dario is currently based at the UNSAM in Buenos Aires, Argentina.


Economic History


Diego Castañeda | Diego Castañeda takes his economic history talents beyond academia. The new coordinator for the Economic History Working Group hosts “Mancha,” a radio show which debates politics, economics, and public life (you can listen on NoFm-radio.com!) He’s also currently producing a podcast on the economic history of pandemics and covers various different eras, from the Antonine plague that ravaged the Roman Empire to the current COVID-19 crisis.


Maylis Avaro | Meet Maylis Avaro! She is a French scholar currently based at the Graduate Institute in Geneva and one of the new coordinators for the Economic History group. She has been a member of the working group since 2018 when she first participated at the World Economic History Congress in Boston.


Alain Naef | Say hello to Economic History Working Group coordinator, Alain Naef! He is currently based at UC Berkeley in the USA. As coordinator he finds it important to keep a balance in the group between quantitative and qualitative economic history.


Finance, Law, and Economics


Luisa Scarcella | Say hello Luisa Scarcella! Luisa has been a part of YSI since our early days and attended our first plenary in Budapest. She is the new coordinator for the Finance, Law, and Economics Working Group. As coordinator, she places strong importance in keeping the group representative of the different areas of interest that exist within law and economics. She looks forward to fostering a strong online community that remains tight-knit through the current crisis until it is safe to meet in person again.


Christina Refhilwe Mosalagae| Finance, Law, and Economics Working Group coordinator, Christina’s desire to build a better world began in her early days. Christina cites her Setswana mother and her Polish stepfather as her biggest inspiration. “Through their love, sacrifice, and an appreciation for different cultures, they modeled the type of world that I want to be a part of building.”  Christina is currently pursuing a Ph.D. at the University of Turin in Italy.


Limia Trifena | Meet Limia Trifena, one of the coordinators for the Finance, Law, and Economics and a boxing enthusiast! Limia first joined YSI two years ago after meeting YSI members at a conference in Berlin. Since this chance encounter, Limia has been an active member of YSI. She is currently based at the University of Warwick in the UK.


Financial Stability


Nathalie Marins | Meet Nathalie Marins! She is based at the University of Campinas in Campinas, Brazil. Nathalie is the newest coordinator for the Financial Stability Working Group, but comes with 11 years of experience in the field of financial stability!


Ádám Kerényi | We asked Ádám Kerényi what is the biggest challenge the Financial Stability Working Group now faces. For him, it’s the COVID-19 pandemic which has not only caused a tragic health crisis and triggered an economic downturn, but a liquidity and solvency crisis as well. These massive challenges to the financial system affect global financial stability. Ádám points out that central banks have remained crucial in safeguarding the stability of global financial markets and maintaining a flow of credit. He sees a need for continued international coordination to observe data, support vulnerable communities, and to contain stability risks.


Nicole Toftum | Nicole Toftum decided at the young age of 15 that she would pursue a career in the social sciences. Although she began her undergraduate years focused on politics, she later discovered Minsky and became fascinated with financial issues. She decided to focus on a multidisciplinary MA. During the 2018 YSI Latin America convening, she discovered the Financial Stability Working Group and joined right away and now serves as coordinator for the working group.


Gender and Economics


Magali Brosio | Magali Brosio first discovered the field of gender and economics when studying for her master’s while scrolling through Twitter. This inspired her to write her dissertation on the gender wage gap. Ever since then, her research interests have been within the field of gender and economics – both inside and outside academia. A proud feminist, Magali is one of the newest coordinators for the Gender and Economics Working Group. 


Shakatakshi Gupta | Coordinator Shatakshi has always been interested in gender inequality issues, partially stemming from her own experiences with gender discrimination. Studying gender bias issues for her Ph.D., she realized that very few universities considered gender and economics a serious subject area and that there is a lack of coverage of the topic. Shatakshi believes that even though more people are acknowledging the role of economists in inhibiting gender discrimination, there is still a lot of work to be done.


Cicero Braga | Meet Cicero Braga, coordinator for the Gender and Economics Working Group. According to Cicero, the biggest issue facing the field is that there is limited literature on the topic. More data and mechanisms are needed to deal with the issues.  Cicero is currently based at the University of Viçosa in Brazil.


History of Economic Thought


Christina Laskaridis | SOAS Ph.D. researcher, Christina Laskaridis, is a new coordinator of the History of Economic Thought Working Group. For Christina, one of the issues facing the niche field is the lack of programs that allow substantial research on the topic. “We are a small field that has been gradually cast out from many Economics departments, and links to adjacent fields are loose.” According to Christina, this creates a challenge in securing Ph.D. programs for newcomers and a lack of career opportunities which would help push the field forward. The History of Economic Thought Working Group is a great place to get started for those interested in doing research within the field. 


Julia Marchevsky | Julia first became interested in the history of economic thought while pursuing her undergraduate degree. She started questioning when it was that the world began to focus on the concept of accumulating wealth and her curiosity led her to her current research interests. Christina also notes the importance of the field as she believes that understanding the progression of economic thought allows for those in the field to be better economists. Julia Marchevsky is currently based at the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil.


Marius Kuster | Meet Marius Kuster, coordinator for the History of Economic Thought Working Group. The Swiss researcher is based at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. When we asked Marius one of his secret hobbies, he told us he enjoys making music on his computer!


Inequality


Maria Cristina Góes | Meet Maria Cristina Góes! Maria was first inspired to research inequality while writing her master thesis which was inspired by Michel Kalecki’s theories. Kaleckian models explore how changes in the share of income that goes to workers can impact economic activity and employment by analyzing responses from employers and workers. Maria is the new coordinator for the Inequality Working Group and is based at Roma Tre University in Italy.


Natassia Nascimento | Meet coordinator, Natassia Nascimento! She is a Brazilian researcher currently based at UFRJ in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil! Natassia lists two fellow Brazilians as her biggest inspirations. The first is her grandmother who Natassia admires for her courage and wisdom. The second is Formula 1 legend Ayrton Senna, who was not only the best at what he did but passionate about it too.


Francisco Ardila | Francisco Ardila notes that interest in inequality skyrocketed after the 2008 financial crisis but peaked in 2013 with the release of “Capital in the XXI Century” by Piketty. Francisco notes that interest has become diluted by having inequality often being incorporated into other fields of economics and most research on inequality that is done today is really a by-product of research done in other fields. As coordinator of the Inequality Working Group, Francisco feels that inequality is an important enough subject to merit its own field, front, and center.


Keynesian Economics


Ana Bottega | Say hello to Ana Bottega! Ana first joined the Keynesian Economics Working Group in 2018 at the YSI Latin America Convening in Buenos Aires. She is one of the three new coordinators for the group. Currently on her nightstand? A literary classic – Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes. Ana is currently based at the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil.


Sylvio Kappes | Meet one of our new coordinators for the Keynesian Working Group, Sylvio Kappes! One of his secret talents is writing fantasy fiction. Sylvio sees that with the current climate, it is crucial that governments do everything possible to end the pandemic; he considers austerity to be a major concern. Sylvio is currently based in Maceió, Brazil.


Lilian Rolim | Lilian Rolim first became involved with the Keynesian Economics Working Group at the Budapest Plenary in 2016 when she met economists working on similar projects. Lilian believes the field needs to adjust to incorporate pressing issues such as climate change and inequality. She also finds it incredibly important for economics to be more inclusive for researchers from diverse backgrounds. Lilian is based at the University of Campinas in Brazil.


Latin America


Gabriel Aidar | For Latin America Working Group coordinator, Gabriel Aidar, one of the biggest challenges he sees is defining the focus of the group. There are many economic topics that are related to the region, but for Gabriel, it is important to create a work plan which allows for the diversity of topics to be pursued while still maintaining focus on the primary issues which the region faces today.


Giuliano Toshiro Yajima | Latin America Working Group coordinator Giuliano Toshiro Yajima hopes to build stronger academic networks within the region. While Latin American research centers and institutions are well connected to their partners in the US or Europe, they have limited ties within the region. For Giuliano, there is a lot of work that needs to be done to strengthen these connections and bolster the research on Latin American economies.


Florencia Jaccoud | Meet yogi and coordinator for the Latin America Working Group, Florencia Jaccoud. Florencia is currently based in Maastricht in the Netherlands at the UNU-MERIT and is originally from Argentina.


Philosophy of Economics


Maisa Ribiero | The philosopher’s role is to question and examine the impact of economic policies and instruments. Philosophy of Economics Working Group coordinator, Maisa Ribiero, gives us an insightful look into how economic philosophers examine economics. One of the focus areas is the tradeoff that comes with economic choices and the impact on human welfare and social justice. Economic reasoning and policies will always impact human welfare and economic philosophers specialize in weighing the ethics of the decisions. They also examine the impact and function of the structures that facilitate economic activity, and they ponder on possible alternatives. For Maisa, the philosopher is a critic of the theories and approaches used by economists. “The most valuable work in science proceeds from the basis of significant expertise on the part of the philosopher”


Merve Burnazoglu | After a visit to her sister’s private banking office in Switzerland, Merve Burnazoglu was fascinated by the connection between the graphs and equations she saw on the screen and how they represented wealth in “the real world”. For Merve, this sparked her curiosity as to how wealth is created or extracted in the real world and this inspired her to study economics. As an economist, she began to further question economic systems and society, which led her to her current research area in Philosophy of Economics.


Juan Melo | For Philosophy of Economics Working Group coordinator, Juan Melo, the biggest challenge economists face is to  bridge the gap between “big picture” topics (such as inequality, discrimination, democracy and markets) and the  methodological questions, modelling, and theory that economists typically use. The way Juan sees it, Philosophers of Economics have the unique opportunity to use their research to foster exchange between science and political economy, which may be a daunting task, but also a rewarding one.


Political Economic of Europe


Stefano Merlo | Stefano Merlo first became part of the Political Economy of Europe working group after presenting his dissertation at the first YSI Plenary in 2016. At the time, he was researching the account imbalances before the Euro Crisis and many researchers in the working group offered guidance, suggesting that he take a look at the EU as well. Stefano not only heeded their advice, but became more interested in the topic, and is now one of the coordinators for the group!


Salome Topuria | Meet Salome Topuria, one of the coordinators for the Political Economy of Europe Working Group! Her research background is in political economy, and she studied Political Economy of European Integration at the Berlin School of Economics and Law and is currently a PhD candidate in political science at the University of Kassel in Berlin.


Stefano Di Bucchianico | Say hello to Stefano Di Bucchianico, an Italian researcher currently based in the beautiful and historic city of Siena at the University of Siena. Stefano is one of the new coordinators for the Political Economy of Europe Working Group and is excited to set up an established schedule of activities for the group!


South Asia


Aneesha Chitgupi | Aneesha Chitgupi first joined YSI while pursuing her PhD. She wanted to explore organizations that supported and encouraged new ways of research, which led her to a YSI workshop in Kolkata, India where she participated as a YSI panelist. The rest is history and we welcome her as one of the coordinators for the South Asia Working Group.


Arun Balachandran  | 24% of the world’s population lives in 3% of the world’s land area in South Asia, as noted by Arun Balachandran, making the density of its population a challenge for the region. Arun points out that most of the major issues in South Asia stem from its demographic composition but its population also has the potential to be a driver for its economic growth. He points out that South Asia has begun to adopt alternative ways of thinking and believes that the spread of people-centric economic development could be the key to the region’s growth. Arun Balachandran is a coordinator for the South Asia Working Group.


Aqdas Afdal | Aqdas Afdal was already an involved member of YSI prior to becoming a coordinator for the South Asia Working Group. He first started attending our events way back in 2015 when YSI was still in its infancy! Aqdas appreciated how the working groups would bring together some of the brightest minds from around the world to generate new ideas for a sustainable, just, and equal world.


States and Markets


Nicolas Aguila | Argentine scholar Nicolás Aguila first became involved with the States and Markets Working Group when the group was first created in 2017, which was also how he was first introduced to YSI. He is currently based in Birmingham, UK.


Esra Urgulu | Esra’s interest in development economics, industrial policy and the role of the state started before she even began studying economics! Over the past few years, she has participated in multiple panels on these topics organized by YSI and the States & Markets Working Group. She is very excited to be one of the group’s new coordinators.


João Macalós | João first fell into his current research topic – quantitative analysis of international monetary relations – during his time as an assistant lecturer. He realized that the field was underdeveloped and eventually discovered the States & Markets Working Group after being introduced by friends and colleagues. The group touched on his research interests and he has been a dedicated member ever since.


Sustainability


Felipe Botelho Tavares | Sustainability is one of the most pressing issues of our time, and according to Sustainability working group coordinator Felipe Botelho Tavares, one of the biggest challenges is working to “re-orient human and economic activities towards new paradigms of prosperity” and also to focus on ensuring a lasting quality of life and environment for future generations to come. Felipe is currently based in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil at the Brazilian Petroleum Institute.


Ariel Ibanez-Choque | Meet Ariel Ibanez-Choque, one of the new coordinators for the Sustainability Working Group! He first became involved with the topic when studying it as part of his master’s degree when he became part of a multidisciplinary and international research team focusing on sustainability and natural resources in Latin America. Ariel is currently based at the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana in Mexico City.


Dania Clarke Say hello to Dania Clarke, one of the newest coordinators for the Sustainability Working Group. Like many Vancouverites, Dania loves tending to her indoor plants and backcountry hiking through British Columbia’s beautiful scenery. She is currently based at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, Canada.


Urban and Regional Economics


Kishorekumar Suryaprakash | “After the advent of neoliberalism, urban inequality has increased. Competition between global cities to attract capital have resulted in a relaxation of labour laws, environmental laws, huge tax concessions and expropriation of poor from their lands. [This has] created a major gulf between the rich and poor in cities” – Kishorekumar Suryaprakash, Urban and Regional Economics Working Group coordinator


Rafael Campos | For Rafael Campos, the Urban and Regional Economics Working Group is able to be a strong player in the exchange of ideas between young scholars around the world largely in part because of its global nature. For Rafael, this is of paramount importance since the group often addresses issues such as the role of geographic space on economic development and having members from diverse locations allows for different experiences and approaches to be heard.


Simone Grabner | We asked Simone Grabner if she had any secret talents and like many of us in quarantine, she has been working on her cooking skills! She is a self-confessed foodie and loves to whip up meals for her family and friends. She is currently based at the Gran Sasso Science Institute in L’Aquila, Italy and has become a keen cook in Italian cuisine! Simone is one of the newest coordinators for the Urban and Regional Economics Working Group.


Community Currencies: A Ray of Light in the Rust Belt

In times of severe recession, cash can be hard to come by. To somewhat maintain their standard of living and avoid being further driven into poverty, some communities developed their own alternative currencies. These community currencies are parallel systems of exchange. They are growing in popularity in countries such as Greece, which is currently battling the failures of modern capitalism, and could also be implemented in parts of the United States. The Rust Belt states could benefit from the implementation of similar initiatives. We take a quick look at how:

Community Currencies in Europe: Volos

The existence of community currencies as parallel monetary systems is justified by ecological economics, a branch of research that focusses on the interdependence of human economics with the natural environment. The aim is to promote sustainable development through the revival of vital aspects of the socio-economic fabric that have taken a backseat with the rise of capitalism: rebuilding social capital, replacing material consumption and bringing back value to labor to mean more than just as a mere factor of production. In short, it brings the market and its dynamics back to the grassroots level where it is simply an arena for the facilitation of provisioning survival rather than primarily for capital gains and growth.

The way community currencies work is best explained through a real-life example. Take, for instance, the story of Volos, a fishing village located in central Greece. Volos has experienced hard times since the Greek debt crisis began several years ago. Now, barter forms the basis of their system of exchange. The underlying currency is a local alternative unit of account called the TEM.

The TEM acts as a temporary IOU that allows for a more immediate exchange of goods and services the villagers in Volos require to maintain their daily living standards. People can exchange ironing service for language lessons, or potatoes for fish, and so on. The exchanges are supported by an online platform where ads for community members’ needs are posted. The system has come into existence to resolve villagers’ limited access to cash. It’s helped to maintain demand and prevent an economic standstill.


Community Currencies in the US: Time Banks

The most popular form of community currency initiated in the US has been the Time Banking system. Time banks were originally set up to create a social support system within neighborhoods, allowing group members to trade goods and services without money. Each hour of community work is exchanged at the bank for a unit of time-based local credit that can be redeemed for other goods and services. In this way, the labor is valued based on time, not market prices.

The positive impact Time Banking leaves on a community extends well beyond just the ability for low-income groups to access goods and services that might otherwise be unaffordable. It also helps alleviate to some extent the systemic problems of inequality that are often not factored into its cost. Although such systems have sprouted around the United States, they have gained much recognition. Participation rates at Time Banks have remained very low, and it remains unclear why.


Can Community Currencies be used more extensively?

So if Community Currencies can improve economic well-being among low-income groups, why is it not more popular? First, the systems have not been studied sufficiently. A lack of research on Community Currencies and their benefits has limited our understanding of their potential, and their growth in popularity.

Second, there are inherent geographic constraints that community currencies have yet to overcome. Under the current format, payment in community currencies is only accepted within small areas. As such, they can only be used for the exchange of goods and services that were arbitrarily made available within those areas. In order to make the system more successful, the geographic reach should be extended, allowing for more goods and services to be taken up in the system.

State intervention could make this happen. A local government could offer tax incentives to private healthcare facilities within the geographic sector of the community currency. In exchange, the health-care facility would accept payment from uninsured low-income clients in the alternative currency. If more necessary goods and services can be included in the range of products made available there would be more sustainable.

Therefore, Community Currencies require the strong and continued support from their local government to remain successful. In Greece, a first step was made several years ago, when parliament passed a law that allowed barter groups to be classified as non-profit organizations. The local government in Volos was appreciative of the change, given that it allows for some semblance of normal everyday life to continue in a time of austerity.

One reason why government might be reluctant to endorse more of these programs is that it challenges the conventional payment system. However, a community currency as a limited IOU need not pose a threat and can be of significant help in keeping up demand. This allows for more stable incomes for a larger proportion of people in the economy and the capacity to generate more tax revenues in the long run. This is especially relevant in an economic environment that is highly dependent on bank credit to remain functional.

As such, the potential of community currencies should not go unrecognized. Governments should step in to help broaden the system, and allow for their participants to reap the full benefits. This way, community currencies can be an invaluable source of demand in times of crisis.

The Case for Community Currencies in the ‘Rust Belt’

The Rust Belt comprises the set of states bordering the Great Lakes, which were once famous for being the heart of manufacturing and industry in the US. This changed with the economic decline brought about by the recessions of the late 1970’s and early 80’s, which continued to worsen with the further decline of US manufacturing.

Entire towns and villages in this region have disappeared along with the core industry that once sustained them. Some towns were able to salvage their economies by capitalizing on tourism or education, but this is not a strategy that can be extended to the entire region. States such as Michigan and Ohio also cope with an aging population, male joblessness, and rising opiate addiction. There is a dire need for the region’s underprivileged to become active and positive contributors to society again.

If aided by the state, community currencies could be the starting point for the Rust Belt states to begin their journey back to being the productive contributors to the US economy that they once were. Just like in Volos, it could boost economic activity and allow members to contribute to the rebuilding of their community.

The economic benefits of State regulated Community Currencies could include incentives for sharing skill sets to allow more unskilled workers to become employed. There would be less dependence on welfare as the marginalized begin to seek more socially and individually meaningful ways of sustaining themselves. This would also offer a much-needed boost to local economies that would be limited to purchasing goods and services within the community

The success of such initiatives often depends on communities coming together and organizing to collectively achieve economic wellbeing, setting aside social and class differences. The effective implementation of community currencies in places like Volos was ultimately determined by the way such systems are maintained and nurtured by the entire community under the appropriate community leadership. Whether such social dynamics also exist to the required extent in the communities of the Rust Belt is still something to be discovered. If so, then there may well be a light on the horizon to guide them out from under the burden of years of poverty.

Written by Athulya Gopi
Athulya is originally Indian, born and brought up in the United Arab Emirates. She joined the Levy Masters Program in 2016 after leading a successful career in credit insurance over the last 8 years. She has a few more years of worldly wisdom than her fellow classmates! The choice to swap her role as the head of commercial underwriting with that of a full-time student came after being inspired to see how Economics works in the real world.

A Green Job Program Will Help Workers, the Economy, and the Planet

There’s been much talk about Trump’s plan for jobs and infrastructure that entails over one trillion dollars in new spending (without tax increases) and promises to employ thousands of American workers. Because it looks like this would require significant deficit spending,  it has drawn stiff criticism: even Trump’s the own conservative supporters have expressed concern.

Among advocates of Keynesian spending and Modern Money Theory (MMT), however, some precautionary excitement can be observed. Their perspective is different because they are unafraid of a government deficit, and in favor of direct job creation. They understand that deficit-spending is not inherently bad, and that the US government will never have to default on its debt. When the economy is not at full employment, increasing the deficit would actually be helpful, not harmful.

A fiscal stimulus aimed at reducing unemployment is timely and necessary. Despite the confidence expressed by the Fed about the latest employment numbers, the situation for those who are jobless is not looking good. One of the reasons for the latest rate hike by the Fed was their positive outlook on unemployment numbers. Chairman Yellen has gone as far as saying that (at 4.6% unemployment rate) we are close to full employment and fiscal stimulus is not necessary to reach that goal.

However, the low official joblessness rate hides the fact that an increasing number of Americans have left the labor force altogether; for example there are currently over 5 million Americans who are not in the labor force but have reported that they want a job. This is where a Job Guarantee program could come in handy. In short, the government would act as an Employer of Last Resort, effectively guaranteeing a job to all of those willing and able to work.

And if Trump uses the deficit-spending towards jobs in infrastructure, it might result in something that resembles the job guarantee policy that America needs**. I argue, however, that the financial feasibility should not be the only criterium for a successful implementation of the job-guarantee. It also has to be sustainable. If we’re going to be at full employment, we have to do it in a way the planet can handle.

The current structure of the economy relies too heavily on fossil fuels, wasteful production methods and non-renewable resources. Unless we change this, sustaining full-employment would result in increasing production, consumption, and waste. My favorite Keynes’ quote is that “In the long run we are all dead.” If we’re talking about a long run of increasing pollution,  he will surely be right. As we know, too much of a good thing can be a bad thing. This applies to jobs too. Unless they are green jobs, too many jobs will be bring us environmental destruction.

The issue of the environmental sustainability of a Job Guarantee program has been on my mind since I first heard of the proposal. Mathew Forstater’s Green Jobs proposal was inspirational to my work. In my Master’s thesis, I tweak its existing framework to target environmentally sustainable outcomes. I find that we can transform the Job Guarantee program to ensure its sustainability without increasing its cost. Here’s how:

I set up the program in a way that promotes social enterprise and community development, following the work of Pavlina Tcherneva et al. With the help of social entrepreneurs, NGOs, and Nonprofit Organizations, local communities should decide what projects will be undertaken. For example, communities along the Hudson river could support a program where workers dealt with invasive species such as the zebra mussel and water chestnut. Other localities could handle neighborhood farming, recycling centers, flood containment structures, bike paths, etc.. It’s been found that if the community is involved in determining what projects are taken on, participation levels are higher.

A more detailed account of my proposal and calculations is available upon request, but this is the gist of it: I used an Input-Output model to establish what would be the cost of employing the official U-3 unemployed population into “green” Job Guarantee jobs. That framework accounts for indirect job creation related to the proposal, but not induced employment. What I find is that the US government can, under conservative assumptions, employ all of those who are officially unemployed for around 1.1% of GDP while paying them a $15hr wage. That is about 17% of the annual military budget. The Green Job Guarantee program is projected to cost just under 200 Billion dollars per year in order to ensure employment for 7.8 million people.

As the world economy quickly transitions into a more sustainable state, a shift in the productive structure will occur, rendering some current occupations useless. Workers who are employed in areas like fossil fuel energy generation (the fabled coal workers of the American Midwest for example) will be left without a job and unlikely to find a new one right away. There is no way to predict how quickly this transition will occur: it could be a gradual–albeit fast–process if led by government initiative, a slower and insufficient movement if guided by profit motives, or even a sudden transition caused by widespread popular response to natural disasters.

Given current trends it is safe to assume that the transition to a renewable energy generation and a sustainable economy will occur before the fossil reserves are depleted. Just as the stone age ended before we ran out of stone, the “oil-age” will end before we run out of oil. As such, fossil fuel workers (and those who depend on their consumption) are at risk of losing their jobs in the near future. A Job Guarantee program would allow those workers to not only find employment readily, but also to acquire the on-the-job skills that will allow them an easier transition into the Green economy.

So as we continue to criticize and investigate the means of job-creation proposed by the President-Elect, let’s look beyond the government deficit, and consider the planet, too. Whether you’re afraid of government debt or not, you should be concerned with the destruction of the earth. If we are going to have a public program that aims a generating new jobs and bringing people back into the workforce, then that program should be a Job Guarantee. But, if we’re going to guarantee jobs, the will have to be green. And we have all the tools we need to make that happen.
*Interested in some good work on how to build a sustainable economy? Check out the publications from PERI and the Binzagr Institute for Sustainable Prosperity. Interested in a non-profit that is already doing some great things in that area? Visit GreenWave‘s website and get involved!

** I must make clear that, although Trump’s infrastructure plan might very loosely look like a Job Guarantee program because of its intent, it differs significantly from it because of how it will will be implemented. The president elect’s plan is based on private spending and making concessions to big corporations; it is basically a big giveaway to developers and not a program to ensure full-employment and financial stability.